Author Archive for: admin

Original Source: https://www.webdesignerdepot.com/best-fonts-june-2024/

Welcome to our roundup of the best new fonts we’ve found online in the last month. This month, there are notably fewer revivals and serifs and a lot more chunky sans serifs than usual. Enjoy!

Original Source: https://ecommerce-platforms.com/articles/redbubble-vs-merch-by-amazon

If you’ve been looking for an easy way to start selling customized products online, print on demand could be the ideal solution. However, not all print on demand (POD) solutions are alike.

Some companies still require you to set up your own ecommerce store, and manage numerous parts of your business yourself. That’s why I often recommend considering print on demand “marketplaces” to creators who want the easiest possible startup experience.

While marketplaces like Redbubble and Merch by Amazon (Merch on Demand) don’t give you all of the freedom and scalability you need for a growing POD brand, they’re excellent for beginners. Two particularly popular options right now are Redbubble, and Merch by Amazon.

So, how do they stack up? I experimented with both platforms (on a free plan), to share my behind-the-scenes insights, and help you make the right choice for your business.

Quick Verdict

While I love the fact that Merch by Amazon gives sellers access to the incredible fast-paced delivery speeds of Amazon Prime, Redbubble is definitely a lot more versatile. With Amazon Merch on Demand, you only get a handful of products to choose from, although you do benefit from high-quality printing. Redbubble offers access to dozens of different products.

You can also upgrade to higher “tiers” with Redbubble, to benefit from fewer account fees, a range of marketing tools, and even access to advanced customer and marketplace insights.

Redbubble vs Merch by Amazon: How the Platforms Work

Redbubble and Merch by Amazon have a lot in common, they both don’t require creators to design their own ecommerce website to start selling custom products online. Instead, you simply create a “storefront”, and sell your products on an existing marketplace.

However, there are some core differences in how the platforms work.

How Redbubble Works

Redbubble is one of the “original” print on demand marketplaces, created in 2006. It gives creators access to a full marketplace platform, as well as a range of tools for creating, promoting, and selling products.

You can sign up for an account for free, and use the design tools to instantly add your art to over 70 unique products. Once you create your storefront, you’ll be able to list your items there, and customers from all over the world can place orders.

Redbubble offers global shipping and printing services, and gives you full control over the prices you set for your items (so you control your profit margins), and even offers anti-piracy and watermark features for your design.

After a customer places an order, Redbubble prints and ships the products they want directly, and even handles customer service for you.

Notably, Redbubble recently introduced “tiered” accounts to its platform. Rather than paying for a premium tier, you’ll be upgraded based on your profile and work.

The more advanced plans eliminate account fees, give you advanced notice of product launches, and provide access to marketing tools, advanced market insights, and account management support.

How Merch by Amazon Works

Merch by Amazon is one of the simplest print on demand solutions I’ve ever used. To get started, all you need to do is create an Amazon account (or log into your existing one), then sign up for a “Merch on Demand” profile.

From there, you can upload your artwork, choose a product type and color, and write a description for what you want to sell. Amazon then automatically generates a product page for you on the Amazon marketplace, where customers can find your items.

Like Redbubble, Amazon handles the core parts of running your business for you. They’ll create your products, ship them to customers (with Amazon Prime), and handle customer service.

There are no upfront costs to worry about. However, like with Redbubble, you also don’t earn the “full profits” of every sale. Instead, you just get a royalty for every product sold.

On the plus side, Amazon does give you some handy analytical tools you can use to track the success of your best-selling items, which can give you a chance to increase sales in the future.

The Pros and Cons for Both Platforms

Every print on demand platform has its own distinct pros and cons. With Amazon, you get some great shipping support, but not a lot of variety. With Redbubble, you get plenty of variety, but the product print quality can vary drastically. Here are the pros and cons I identified for each platform.

Redbubble Pros and Cons

Pros 👍
Cons 👎

Pros 👍

Easy to use platform for beginners
Access to a thriving marketplace, full of customers
Options to set your own prices and profit margins
Account tier system with extra benefits for top sellers
Marketing and sales resources to help you grow
Useful design and mock-up tools
Anti-piracy and watermark features
Global printing and shipping for dozens of products

Cons 👎

Product quality can vary drastically (depending on a range of factors)
Lots of competition on the platform
Slow payout rates for some vendors
Limited packaging and branding options
No integrations with ecommerce platforms

Merch by Amazon Pros and Cons

Pros 👍
Cons 👎

Pros 👍

Huge worldwide market of customers
Prime shipping for rapid delivery speeds
Excellent quality assurance standards
Easy to use environment for beginners
Analytics and reports on top-selling products
Fast payouts
Good customer support

Cons 👎

Very few product options
Royalties don’t add up to much profit
Limited integration options
Not many options for branding and packaging

Amazon Merch on Demand vs Redbubble: Pricing and Fees

I know pricing is a major concern for most print on demand vendors, which is why it’s one of the first things I focus on when reviewing any new platform. The good news is that you don’t need to pay anything to sign up with either Redbubble, or Merch by Amazon.

However, while Amazon is completely free to use for creators, Redbubble does charge an “account fee” to sellers. This is basically a flat fee that varies depending on the number of sales you make during a specific period.

The fee is deducted from your payments (commissions from Redbubble), so you don’t pay it directly, but it can eat into your profit margins.

Notably though, if you get upgraded to a Pro or Premium account (based on the quality of your work and level of engagement), you’ll be able to sidestep those fees. You’ll also get access to a range of other bonus features, like a newsletter, potential account manager, marketing tools, and insights.

With both Redbubble and Merch by Amazon, there are also no “upfront” fees to pay for shipping or the base price of your products. That’s because you don’t buy items, ship them, and keep the profits, you just earn a commission or royalty on each sale.

This does mean it’s easy to get started with a POD account, but you might find it’s tough to maintain high profit margins. Keep in mind, there may be other fees to pay for certain things like marketing campaigns, product photos, and product samples too.

Core Features and Functionality

Amazon Merch on Demand and Redbubble do have some overlapping features. First, they’re both POD solutions, which means both options allow you to outsource the production and fulfillment of custom items to a professional third-party.

Although it’s worth noting that with Redbubble, you’ll be able to create a wider variety of products, whereas with Amazon, you can rest assured your products will be delivered to customers as quickly as possible.

Redbubble can take anywhere from 7 days to a few weeks to deliver an item, depending on where the customer is. With Amazon Prime, customers get their orders in a day or two.

Additionally, both platforms give you access to analytical tools. However, while you get those as standard with Amazon, you’ll need to be upgraded to a higher tier to access them with Redbubble.

Standout Features of Redbubble

Larger selection of customizable products.

Piracy and watermark protections for designs

Complete control over price customization

Global shipping and multiple currencies

Analytics on some tiers

Access to marketing tools on some tiers

Standout Features of Merch by Amazon

Comprehensive seller dashboard with analytics

Amazon prime shipping

Useful resources for beginners

Excellent customer service

Good commitment to quality assurance

Easy to use platform

Product Designs and Quality

Ordering samples is generally the best way to test the design and print quality of any print on demand solution you’re considering. Although reviews from other customers are helpful, it’s worth remembering that there are numerous factors that can affect just how well your prints turn out.

The good news is that Redbubble and Amazon both have quality assurance methods in place to help ensure your products meet customer expectations.

However, from what I’ve found, Amazon’s strategy seems to be a lot more effective. There are definitely fewer negative reviews from customers linked to Amazon’s products than you’ll see for Redbubble.

Redbubble does give you a lot more products to choose from, however, and more customization options, so you can really make your products stand out.

However, you will need to be extremely cautious (on both sites), to ensure that you follow the design guidelines set by the vendors. Uploading higher-quality images will hopefully ensure your prints don’t lose their impact.

One particularly useful thing to note about Amazon, is that they do handle customer service for you, so if your customers aren’t happy with the quality of a design (for any reason), Amazon can make sure they get a refund, or replacement, without you having to step in.

Redbubble vs Merch by Amazon: Integrations

If you’re looking for an opportunity to sell your products across multiple channels, or access tools to help you run your business (such as marketing or accounting apps), you may have an issue with both Redbubble and Merch by Amazon.

Redbubble doesn’t support any integrations with any other marketplaces or ecommerce platforms. You can include a link to your Redbubble storefront in your emails and social media messages, but that’s about it. This obviously limits your ability to scale your business.

As far as I can tell, there are no direct integrations available for Amazon Merch on Demand either. However, there are some platforms that integrate with Amazon, like Shopify, which may allow you to connect your Amazon seller account to another platform to a certain level.

Customer Support and Service

Finally, let’s take a closer look at the customer support options offered by Amazon, and Redbubble. The good news is that both companies do provide guidance to beginners. You can find resources created by Amazon and Redbubble online that should answer most basic questions you have.

There are FAQs, videos, guides, tutorials, and blogs available online, as well as various forums and social media pages where you can connect with a wider community of sellers.

If you need direct support from Redbubble, you can connect with the company through email, but I couldn’t find any chat or phone services. However, if you do upgrade to a higher tier on Redbubble, there’s the option to access an account manager for extra support.

With Amazon, if you’re looking for extra support, you can contact the team via phone, email, or instant chat, for general support. However, merch vendors are only directly supported through email, so even if you reach out on a different channel, you might be asked to send a message instead.

Redbubble vs Amazon Merch on Demand: The Verdict

Both Redbubble and Merch by Amazon have appealing factors. I like the fact that Redbubble gives you a lot of products to choose from, and rewards high-performing sellers with higher “tiers”, giving them access to various unique benefits.

However, Amazon has a better reputation for product quality, and can deliver products to your customers a lot faster – even if there are fewer options to choose from.

Of course, you could always consider using both platforms simultaneously, if you want to expand your reach, as neither platform has any upfront costs to worry about.

Further reading

Printful vs Redbubble (2023): Which Is Better?

Printify vs Redbubble (2023): Which Is Better?

Is Redbubble Legit? How Safe and Legit is Redbubble in 2024?

8 Best Redbubble Alternatives to Consider in 2024

Shopify vs Redbubble (2023): Which Platform is Right for You?

The post Redbubble vs Merch by Amazon 2024: Which is Best? appeared first on Ecommerce Platforms.

Original Source: https://www.creativebloq.com/design/branding/this-finance-app-rebrand-is-painfully-gen-z-and-i-love-it

Koto embraces “Life on Max”

Original Source: https://smashingmagazine.com/2024/06/2-page-login-pattern-how-fix-it/

Why do we see login forms split into multiple screens everywhere? Instead of typing email and password, we have to type email, move to the next page, and then type password there. This seems to be inefficient, to say the least.

Let’s see why login forms are split across screens, what problem they solve, and how to design a better experience for better authentication UX (video).

This article is part of our ongoing series on design patterns. It’s also an upcoming part of the 10h-video library on Smart Interface Design Patterns 🍣 and the upcoming live UX training as well. Use code BIRDIE to save 15% off.

The Problem With Login Forms

If there is one thing we’ve learned over the years in UX, it’s that designing for people is hard. This applies to login forms as well. People are remarkably forgetful. They often forget what email they signed up with or what service they signed in with last time (Google, Twitter, Apple, and so on)

One idea is to remind customers what they signed in with last time and perhaps make it a default option. However, it reveals directly what the user’s account was, which might be a privacy or security issue:

What if instead of showing all options to all customers all the time, we ask for email first, and then look up what service they used last time, and redirect customers to the right place automatically? Well, that’s exactly the idea behind 2-page logins.

Meet 2-Page-Logins

You might have seen them already. If a few years ago, most login forms asked for email and password on one page, these days it’s more common to ask only for email first. When the user chooses to continue, the form will ask for a password in a separate step. Brad explores some problems of this pattern.

A common reason for splitting the login form across pages is Single Sign-On (SSO) authentication. Large companies typically use SSO for corporate sign-ins of their employees. With it, employees log in only once every day and use only one set of credentials, which improves enterprise security.

The UX Intricacies of Single Sign-On (SSO)

SSO also helps with regulatory compliance, and it’s much easier to provision users with appropriate permissions and revoke them later at once. So, if an employee leaves, all their accounts and data can be deleted at once.

To support both business customers and private customers, companies use 2-step-login. Users need to type in their email first, then the validator checks what provider the email is associated with and redirects users there.

Users rarely love this experience. Sometimes, they have multiple accounts (private and business) with one service. Also, 2-step-logins often break autofill and password managers. And for most users, login/pass is way faster than 2-step-login.

Of course, typically, there are dedicated corporate login pages for employees to sign in, but they often head directly to Gmail, Figma, and so on instead and try to sign in there. However, they won’t be able to log in as they must sign in through SSO.

Bottom line: the pattern works well for SSO users, but for non-SSO users, it results in a frustrating UX.

Alternative Solution: Conditional Reveal of SSO

There is a way to work around these challenges (see the image below). We could use a single-page look-up with email and password input fields as a default. Once a user has typed in their email, we detect if the SSO authentication is enabled.

If Single Sign-On (SSO) is enabled for that email, we show a Single Sign-On option and default to it. We could also make the password field optional or disabled.

If SSO isn’t enabled for that email, we proceed with the regular email/password login. This is not much hassle, but it saves trouble for both private and business accounts.

Key Takeaways

🤔 People often forget what email they signed up with.
🤔 They also forget the auth service they signed in with.
🤔 Companies use Single Sign-On (SSO) for corporate sign-in.
🤔 Individual accounts still need email and password for login.
✅ 2-step login: ask for email, then redirect to the right service.

✅ 2-step-login replaces “social” sign-in for repeat users.
✅ It directs users rather than giving them roadblocks.
🤔 Users still keep forgetting the email they signed in with.
🤔 Sometimes, users have multiple accounts with one service.
🚫 2-step logins often break autofill and password managers.
🚫 For most users, login/pass is way faster than 2-step-login.

✅ Better: start with one single page with login and password.
✅ As users type their email, detect if SSO is enabled for them.
✅ If it is, reveal an SSO-login option and set a default to it.
✅ Otherwise, proceed with the regular password login.
✅ If users must use SSO, disable the password field — don’t hide it.

Wrapping Up

Personally, I haven’t tested the approach, but it might be a good alternative to 2-page logins — both for SSO and non-SSO users. Keep in mind, though, that SSO authentication might or might not require a password, as sometimes login happens via Yubikey or Touch-ID or third parties (e.g., OAuth).

Also, eventually, users will be locked out; it’s just a matter of time. So, do use magic links for password recovery or access recovery, but don’t mandate it as a regular login option. Switching between applications is slow and causes mistakes. Instead, nudge users to enable 2FA: it’s both usable and secure.

And most importantly, test your login flow with the tools that your customers rely on. You might be surprised how broken their experience is if they rely on password managers or security tools to log in. Good luck, everyone!

Useful Resources

When To Use A Two-Page Login, by Josh Wayne
Don’t Get Clever With Login Forms, by Brad Frost
Why Are Email And Password On Two Different Pages?, by Kelley R.
Six Simple Steps To Better Authentication UX, by yours truly

Meet Smart Interface Design Patterns

If you are interested in similar insights around UX, take a look at Smart Interface Design Patterns, our 10h-video course with 100s of practical examples from real-life projects — with a live UX training later this year. Everything from mega-dropdowns to complex enterprise tables — with 5 new segments added every year. Jump to a free preview.

Meet Smart Interface Design Patterns, our video course on interface design & UX.

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Original Source: https://smashingmagazine.com/2024/06/what-are-css-container-style-queries-good-for/

We’ve relied on media queries for a long time in the responsive world of CSS but they have their share of limitations and have shifted focus more towards accessibility than responsiveness alone. This is where CSS Container Queries come in. They completely change how we approach responsiveness, shifting the paradigm away from a viewport-based mentality to one that is more considerate of a component’s context, such as its size or inline-size.

Querying elements by their dimensions is one of the two things that CSS Container Queries can do, and, in fact, we call these container size queries to help distinguish them from their ability to query against a component’s current styles. We call these container style queries.

Existing container query coverage has been largely focused on container size queries, which enjoy 90% global browser support at the time of this writing. Style queries, on the other hand, are only available behind a feature flag in Chrome 111+ and Safari Technology Preview.

The first question that comes to mind is What are these style query things? followed immediately by How do they work?. There are some nice primers on them that others have written, and they are worth checking out.

But the more interesting question about CSS Container Style Queries might actually be Why we should use them? The answer, as always, is nuanced and could simply be it depends. But I want to poke at style queries a little more deeply, not at the syntax level, but what exactly they are solving and what sort of use cases we would find ourselves reaching for them in our work if and when they gain browser support.

Why Container Queries

Talking purely about responsive design, media queries have simply fallen short in some aspects, but I think the main one is that they are context-agnostic in the sense that they only consider the viewport size when applying styles without involving the size or dimensions of an element’s parent or the content it contains.

This usually isn’t a problem since we only have a main element that doesn’t share space with others along the x-axis, so we can style our content depending on the viewport’s dimensions. However, if we stuff an element into a smaller parent and maintain the same viewport, the media query doesn’t kick in when the content becomes cramped. This forces us to write and manage an entire set of media queries that target super-specific content breakpoints.

Container queries break this limitation and allow us to query much more than the viewport’s dimensions.

How Container Queries Generally Work

Container size queries work similarly to media queries but allow us to apply styles depending on the container’s properties and computed values. In short, they allow us to make style changes based on an element’s computed width or height regardless of the viewport. This sort of thing was once only possible with JavaScript or the ol’ jQuery, as this example shows.

As noted earlier, though, container queries can query an element’s styles in addition to its dimensions. In other words, container style queries can look at and track an element’s properties and apply styles to other elements when those properties meet certain conditions, such as when the element’s background-color is set to hsl(0 50% 50%).

That’s what we mean when talking about CSS Container Style Queries. It’s a proposed feature defined in the same CSS Containment Module Level 3 specification as CSS Container Size Queries — and one that’s currently unsupported by any major browser — so the difference between style and size queries can get a bit confusing as we’re technically talking about two related features under the same umbrella.

We’d do ourselves a favor to backtrack and first understand what a “container” is in the first place.

Containers

An element’s container is any ancestor with a containment context; it could be the element’s direct parent or perhaps a grandparent or great-grandparent.

A containment context means that a certain element can be used as a container for querying. Unofficially, you can say there are two types of containment context: size containment and style containment.

Size containment means we can query and track an element’s dimensions (i.e., aspect-ratio, block-size, height, inline-size, orientation, and width) with container size queries as long as it’s registered as a container. Tracking an element’s dimensions requires a little processing in the client. One or two elements are a breeze, but if we had to constantly track the dimensions of all elements — including resizing, scrolling, animations, and so on — it would be a huge performance hit. That’s why no element has size containment by default, and we have to manually register a size query with the CSS container-type property when we need it.

On the other hand, style containment lets us query and track the computed values of a container’s specific properties through container style queries. As it currently stands, we can only check for custom properties, e.g. –theme: dark, but soon we could check for an element’s computed background-color and display property values. Unlike size containment, we are checking for raw style properties before they are processed by the browser, alleviating performance and allowing all elements to have style containment by default.

Did you catch that? While size containment is something we manually register on an element, style containment is the default behavior of all elements. There’s no need to register a style container because all elements are style containers by default.

And how do we register a containment context? The easiest way is to use the container-type property. The container-type property will give an element a containment context and its three accepted values — normal, size, and inline-size — define which properties we can query from the container.

/* Size containment in the inline direction */
.parent {
container-type: inline-size;
}

This example formally establishes a size containment. If we had done nothing at all, the .parent element is already a container with a style containment.

Size Containment

That last example illustrates size containment based on the element’s inline-size, which is a fancy way of saying its width. When we talk about normal document flow on the web, we’re talking about elements that flow in an inline direction and a block direction that corresponds to width and height, respectively, in a horizontal writing mode. If we were to rotate the writing mode so that it is vertical, then “inline” would refer to the height instead and “block” to the width.

Consider the following HTML:

<div class=”cards-container”>
<ul class=”cards”>
<li class=”card”></li>
</ul>
</div>

We could give the .cards-container element a containment context in the inline direction, allowing us to make changes to its descendants when its width becomes too small to properly display everything in the current layout. We keep the same syntax as in a normal media query but swap @media for @container

.cards-container {
container-type: inline-size;
}

@container (width < 700px) {
.cards {
background-color: red;
}
}

Container syntax works almost the same as media queries, so we can use the and, or, and not operators to chain different queries together to match multiple conditions.

@container (width < 700px) or (width > 1200px) {
.cards {
background-color: red;
}
}

Elements in a size query look for the closest ancestor with size containment so we can apply changes to elements deeper in the DOM, like the .card element in our earlier example. If there is no size containment context, then the @container at-rule won’t have any effect.

/* 👎
* Apply styles based on the closest container, .cards-container
*/
@container (width < 700px) {
.card {
background-color: black;
}
}

Just looking for the closest container is messy, so it’s good practice to name containers using the container-name property and then specifying which container we’re tracking in the container query just after the @container at-rule.

.cards-container {
container-name: cardsContainer;
container-type: inline-size;
}

@container cardsContainer (width < 700px) {
.card {
background-color: #000;
}
}

We can use the shorthand container property to set the container name and type in a single declaration:

.cards-container {
container: cardsContainer / inline-size;

/* Equivalent to: */
container-name: cardsContainer;
container-type: inline-size;
}

The other container-type we can set is size, which works exactly like inline-size — only the containment context is both the inline and block directions. That means we can also query the container’s height sizing in addition to its width sizing.

/* When container is less than 700px wide */
@container (width < 700px) {
.card {
background-color: black;
}
}

/* When container is less than 900px tall */
@container (height < 900px) {
.card {
background-color: white;
}
}

And it’s worth noting here that if two separate (not chained) container rules match, the most specific selector wins, true to how the CSS Cascade works.

So far, we’ve touched on the concept of CSS Container Queries at its most basic. We define the type of containment we want on an element (we looked specifically at size containment) and then query that container accordingly.

Container Style Queries

The third value that is accepted by the container-type property is normal, and it sets style containment on an element. Both inline-size and size are stable across all major browsers, but normal is newer and only has modest support at the moment.

I consider normal a bit of an oddball because we don’t have to explicitly declare it on an element since all elements are style containers with style containment right out of the box. It’s possible you’ll never write it out yourself or see it in the wild.

.parent {
/* Unnecessary */
container-type: normal;
}

If you do write it or see it, it’s likely to undo size containment declared somewhere else. But even then, it’s possible to reset containment with the global initial or revert keywords.

.parent {
/* All of these (re)set style containment */
container-type: normal;
container-type: initial;
container-type: revert;
}

Let’s look at a simple and somewhat contrived example to get the point across. We can define a custom property in a container, say a –theme.

.cards-container {
–theme: dark;
}

From here, we can check if the container has that desired property and, if it does, apply styles to its descendant elements. We can’t directly style the container since it could unleash an infinite loop of changing the styles and querying the styles.

.cards-container {
–theme: dark;
}

@container style(–theme: dark) {
.cards {
background-color: black;
}
}

See that style() function? In the future, we may want to check if an element has a max-width: 400px through a style query instead of checking if the element’s computed value is bigger than 400px in a size query. That’s why we use the style() wrapper to differentiate style queries from size queries.

/* Size query */
@container (width > 60ch) {
.cards {
flex-direction: column;
}
}

/* Style query */
@container style(–theme: dark) {
.cards {
background-color: black;
}
}

Both types of container queries look for the closest ancestor with a corresponding containment-type. In a style() query, it will always be the parent since all elements have style containment by default. In this case, the direct parent of the .cards element in our ongoing example is the .cards-container element. If we want to query non-direct parents, we will need the container-name property to differentiate between containers when making a query.

.cards-container {
container-name: cardsContainer;
–theme: dark;
}

@container cardsContainer style(–theme: dark) {
.card {
color: white;
}
}

Weird and Confusing Things About Container Style Queries

Style queries are completely new and bring something never seen in CSS, so they are bound to have some confusing qualities as we wrap our heads around them — some that are completely intentional and well thought-out and some that are perhaps unintentional and may be updated in future versions of the specification.

Style and Size Containment Aren’t Mutually Exclusive

One intentional perk, for example, is that a container can have both size and style containment. No one would fault you for expecting that size and style containment are mutually exclusive concerns, so setting an element to something like container-type: inline-size would make all style queries useless.

However, another funny thing about container queries is that elements have style containment by default, and there isn’t really a way to remove it. Check out this next example:

.cards-container {
container-type: inline-size;
–theme: dark;
}

@container style(–theme: dark) {
.card {
background-color: black;
}
}

@container (width < 700px) {
.card {
background-color: red;
}
}

See that? We can still query the elements by style even when we explicitly set the container-type to inline-size. This seems contradictory at first, but it does make sense, considering that style and size queries are computed independently. It’s better this way since both queries don’t necessarily conflict with each other; a style query could change the colors in an element depending on a custom property, while a container query changes an element’s flex-direction when it gets too small for its contents.

But We Can Achieve the Same Thing With CSS Classes and IDs

Most container query guides and tutorials I’ve seen use similar examples to demonstrate the general concept, but I can’t stop thinking no matter how cool style queries are, we can achieve the same result using classes or IDs and with less boilerplate. Instead of passing the state as an inline style, we could simply add it as a class.

<ol>
<li class=”item first”>
<img src=”…” alt=”Roi’s avatar” />
<h2>Roi</h2>
</li>
<li class=”item second”><!– etc. –></li>
<li class=”item third”><!– etc. –></li>
<li class=”item”><!– etc. –></li>
<li class=”item”><!– etc. –></li>
</ol>

Alternatively, we could add the position number directly inside an id so we don’t have to convert the number into a string:

<ol>
<li class=”item” id=”item-1″>
<img src=”…” alt=”Roi’s avatar” />
<h2>Roi</h2>
</li>
<li class=”item” id=”item-2″><!– etc. –></li>
<li class=”item” id=”item-3″><!– etc. –></li>
<li class=”item” id=”item-4″><!– etc. –></li>
<li class=”item” id=”item-5″><!– etc. –></li>
</ol>

Both of these approaches leave us with cleaner HTML than the container queries approach. With style queries, we have to wrap our elements inside a container — even if we don’t semantically need it — because of the fact that containers (rightly) are unable to style themselves.

We also have less boilerplate-y code on the CSS side:

#item-1 {
background: linear-gradient(45deg, yellow, orange);
}

#item-2 {
background: linear-gradient(45deg, grey, white);
}

#item-3 {
background: linear-gradient(45deg, brown, peru);
}

See the Pen Style Queries Use Case Replaced with Classes [forked] by Monknow.

As an aside, I know that using IDs as styling hooks is often viewed as a no-no, but that’s only because IDs must be unique in the sense that no two instances of the same ID are on the page at the same time. In this instance, there will never be more than one first-place, second-place, or third-place player on the page, making IDs a safe and appropriate choice in this situation. But, yes, we could also use some other type of selector, say a data-* attribute.

There is something that could add a lot of value to style queries: a range syntax for querying styles. This is an open feature that Miriam Suzanne proposed in 2023, the idea being that it queries numerical values using range comparisons just like size queries.

Imagine if we wanted to apply a light purple background color to the rest of the top ten players in the leaderboard example. Instead of adding a query for each position from four to ten, we could add a query that checks a range of values. The syntax is obviously not in the spec at this time, but let’s say it looks something like this just to push the point across:

/* Do not try this at home! */
@container leaderboard style(4 >= –position <= 10) {
.item {
background: linear-gradient(45deg, purple, fuchsia);
}
}

In this fictional and hypothetical example, we’re:

Tracking a container called leaderboard,
Making a style() query against the container,
Evaluating the –position custom property,
Looking for a condition where the custom property is set to a value equal to a number that is greater than or equal to 4 and less than or equal to 10.
If the custom property is a value within that range, we set a player’s background color to a linear-gradient() that goes from purple to fuschia.

This is very cool, but if this kind of behavior is likely to be done using components in modern frameworks, like React or Vue, we could also set up a range in JavaScript and toggle on a .top-ten class when the condition is met.

See the Pen Style Ranged Queries Use Case Replaced with Classes [forked] by Monknow.

Sure, it’s great to see that we can do this sort of thing directly in CSS, but it’s also something with an existing well-established solution.

Separating Style Logic From Logic Logic

So far, style queries don’t seem to be the most convenient solution for the leaderboard use case we looked at, but I wouldn’t deem them useless solely because we can achieve the same thing with JavaScript. I am a big advocate of reaching for JavaScript only when necessary and only in sprinkles, but style queries, the ones where we can only check for custom properties, are most likely to be useful when paired with a UI framework where we can easily reach for JavaScript within a component. I have been using Astro an awful lot lately, and in that context, I don’t see why I would choose a style query over programmatically changing a class or ID.

However, a case can be made that implementing style logic inside a component is messy. Maybe we should keep the logic regarding styles in the CSS away from the rest of the logic logic, i.e., the stateful changes inside a component like conditional rendering or functions like useState and useEffect in React. The style logic would be the conditional checks we do to add or remove class names or IDs in order to change styles.

If we backtrack to our leaderboard example, checking a player’s position to apply different styles would be style logic. We could indeed check that a player’s leaderboard position is between four and ten using JavaScript to programmatically add a .top-ten class, but it would mean leaking our style logic into our component. In React (for familiarity, but it would be similar to other frameworks), the component may look like this:

const LeaderboardItem = ({position}) => {
<li className={item ${position &gt;= 4 && position &lt;= 10 ? “top-ten” : “”}} id={item-${position}}>
<img src=”…” alt=”Roi’s avatar” />
<h2>Roi</h2>
</li>;
};

Besides this being ugly-looking code, adding the style logic in JSX can get messy. Meanwhile, style queries can pass the –position value to the styles and handle the logic directly in the CSS where it is being used.

const LeaderboardItem = ({position}) => {
<li className=”item” style={{“–position”: position}}>
<img src=”…” alt=”Roi’s avatar” />
<h2>Roi</h2>
</li>;
};

Much cleaner, and I think this is closer to the value proposition of style queries. But at the same time, this example makes a large leap of assumption that we will get a range syntax for style queries at some point, which is not a done deal.

Conclusion

There are lots of teams working on making modern CSS better, and not all features have to be groundbreaking miraculous additions.

Size queries are definitely an upgrade from media queries for responsive design, but style queries appear to be more of a solution looking for a problem.

It simply doesn’t solve any specific issue or is better enough to replace other approaches, at least as far as I am aware.

Even if, in the future, style queries will be able to check for any property, that introduces a whole new can of worms where styles are capable of reacting to other styles. This seems exciting at first, but I can’t shake the feeling it would be unnecessary and even chaotic: styles reacting to styles, reacting to styles, and so on with an unnecessary side of boilerplate. I’d argue that a more prudent approach is to write all your styles declaratively together in one place.

Maybe it would be useful for web extensions (like Dark Reader) so they can better check styles in third-party websites? I can’t clearly see it. If you have any suggestions on how CSS Container Style Queries can be used to write better CSS that I may have overlooked, please let me know in the comments! I’d love to know how you’re thinking about them and the sorts of ways you imagine yourself using them in your work.